Migration isn't a new phenomenon. During the 19th century, roughly one in ten people could be classed as an international migrant.

Jean-Philippe Chauzy
The general definition is for someone who will leave his or her own country to go and work abroad for a period of time which can vary between several months to several years. You are looking also at people who will at some point decide to circulate, in other words migrate from one country to another, following opportunities on the global labour market.

Or, you're looking at the other end of the spectrum, people who will be smuggled across international borders in a clandestine fashion, and will end up in exploitative networks - whether enforced labour or in networks of sexual exploitation.

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	Zvukový záznam lekce 14

VOCABULARY

vary - různit se, (od…. po)
migrate - stěhovat se, migrovat
smuggle - pašovat
clandestine - tajný
enforced labour - nucené práce
sexual exploitation - sexuální vykořisťování




No country is unaffected by international migration. Today, most countries are countries of origin, transit or destination for migrants - or all three.

Jean-Philippe Chauzy
If you're looking at economic migration, it's most of the time obviously, it's the lack of socio-economic prospects at home that will push people to leave, to migrate in search of better opportunities.

So that's probably one of the main "push" factors. But you could also obviously look at the issue of bad governance; and also the fact that you do have people who flee obviously conflict, civil strife. So all these are push factors.

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	Zvukový záznam lekce 15

VOCABULARY

socio-economic prospects - sociálně – ekonomické vyhlídky
'push' factors - faktory, které lidi dohánějí (tlačí) k migraci
governance - režim, způsob vlády, vláda
civil strife - občanské boje, válka




Highly-organised criminal networks are making billions of dollars smuggling and trafficking people.

Jean-Philippe Chauzy
A lot of people want to migrate but there are few channels to allow them to do so legally. So, what most would-be migrants will do at some point is look at ways of using smuggling and trafficking networks.

That has a very serious impact - (a) on the well-being of the migrant who might find himself or herself in physically dangerous situations. It also has a negative impact on the host society because migrants will never be able to integrate. It's become in a way the new slave trade.

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	Zvukový záznam lekce 16

VOCABULARY

few channels - málo možností, cest
smuggling - pašování
trafficking - obchodování, kšeftování
impact - dopad
integrate - zapojit, začlenit, integrovat
in a way - svým způsobem
the new slave trade - novodobé otrokářství