Waa maxay hubka ay Maraykanku u direen hawada sare?

Ku dhawaaqista Mareykanka ee ah inuu hawada sare geeyay hub ayaa dhalisay su'aalo ku saabsan nooca hubka hadda yaalla hawada sare iyo doorka ay ka qaadan karaan loollanka quwadaha waaweyn ee ku aaddan gacan-ku-haynta hawada sare.

Mareykanku faahfaahin yar ayuu ka bixiyay arrintan. Xoghayaha Ciidanka Cirka Mareykanka, Troy Mink, ayaa sheegay in hubka "ku shaqeeya wareegga dhulka" uu muhiim u yahay ka ilaalinta ciidamada Mareykanka falalka cadowga, balse ma uusan faahfaahin ka bixin awoodda hubkaasi leeyahay ama xilliga hawada sare la geyn doono.

Haddaba, hubkani muxuu noqon karaa, sideese guud ahaan u egyihiin horumarrada milatari ee ka socda hawada sare? Dalalkee ayaa laga yaabaa inay haystaan hub la mid ah?

Hawada sare waxay noqotay goob milatari tan iyo bilowgii xilligii sahaminta hawada sare. Dabayaaqadii 1960-meeyadii, Midowgii Soofiyeeti wuxuu hawada sare geeyay hub.

Barnaamijkii "Isterbitel Sputnik", oo loo yaqaanay "Satellite Destroyer", wuxuu ka koobnaa dayax-gacmeedyo loogu talagalay inay sii daayaan walxo waxyeello geysta. Marka walxahaasi qarxaan, waxay kala firdhin jireen biro jajaban oo ku dhici karta jidka dayax-gacmeed kale, badanaa mid Mareykanku leeyahay.

Maanta, ciidamada dalalka horumaray waxay dayax-gacmeedyada u adeegsadaan hawlo kala duwan, oo ay ka mid yihiin sahan iyo ururinta xogta sirdoonka, isgaarsiinta amniga leh, ogaanshaha gantaallada la soo ridayo iyo bixinta xog sax ah oo ku saabsan goobta, taas oo loo adeegsan karo weerarro bartilmaameedyo gaar ah lagu qaado.

Falanqeeyayaasha ayaa aaminsan in marka tiknoolajiyada dagaalku sii horumarto, ay sidoo kale kordhi doonto adeegsiga qalabka iyo nidaamyada milatari ee hawada sare.

Dr. Baldin Bowen, oo cilmi-baare ka tirsan machadka Royal United Services Institute, isla markaana bare ku-xigeen ka ah siyaasadda hawada sare ee Jaamacadda Durham, ayaa sheegay in aan la hubin nooca hubka uu Mareykanku ku dhawaaqay, sidaas darteedna ay tahay in la qiyaaso oo keliya.

"Waxaan filayaa inuu noqon karo nooc ka mid ah nidaamyada dagaalka elektaroonigga ah ama qalab lagu carqaladeeyo isgaarsiinta raadiyaha, ama nooc hubka lidka dayax-gacmeedyada ah oo aan ahayn mid wax burburiya," ayuu BBC-da u sheegay.

Wuxuu sheegay in hub noocan ah uu hore uga jiray dhulka, isla markaana uu carqaladayn karo isgaarsiinta dayax-gacmeedyada.

"Haddii aad joojiso isgaarsiinta raadiyaha, dayax-gacmeedku si wax ku ool ah ayuu u noqonayaa mid aan waxba qaban karin," ayuu yiri.

Mr Bowen ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in aan meesha laga saari karin suurtagalnimada in la adeegsado hub ka khatar badan oo wax burburiya, kaas oo sababi kara burbur iyo qashin badan oo ku faafa hawada sare.

"Waxay u badan tahay in aanu ahayn hub wax ku dhaca bartilmaameedka, taas oo ah qalab soo tuura walax ku dhacda dayax-gacmeed kale oo burburisa," ayuu yiri.

Wuxuu intaas ku daray in suurtagalnimada kale ay tahay dayax-gacmeed si dhow u kormeera dayax-gacmeedyo kale, isla markaana si toos ah ula falgala.

Ma fududa in la ogaado in dalalka ay Mareykanka ku loollamaan, sida Ruushka iyo Shiinaha, ay hore hawada sare ugu geeyeen hub la mid ah.

"Marka laga hadlayo Shiinaha iyo Ruushka, labaduba waxay sameeyeen hawlo noocan ah," ayay BBC-da u sheegtay Juliana Zuss, oo hore uga tirsanaan jirtay Royal United Services Institute, haddana cilmi-baare ka ah Machadka Jarmalka ee Sayniska iyo Siyaasadda.

"Tusaale ahaan, marka laga hadlayo Ruushka, waxaan aragnay dhaqdhaqaaqyo muujinaya inay tijaabiyeen hub hawada sare lagu isticmaalo. Waxaan sidoo kale aragnay wax u muuqda inay tijaabo hawada sare ah ku rideen walax," ayay tiri.

Waxay intaas ku dartay: "Dalal kale ayaa sidoo kale ku jira goobtan, balse maadaama aanan haynin faahfaahinta hubka Mareykanka, way adag tahay in si toos ah la isu barbar dhigo."

Inkasta oo hawada sare hub lagu geeyo ay u muuqato tallaabo aan caadi ahayn, Mareykanka iyo labada dal ee ay ku loollamaan ee Ruushka iyo Shiinaha ayaa muddo dheer haystay hub dhulka laga ridi karo oo lagu bartilmaameedsan karo hawada sare.

Wareysi kale oo uu BBC-da siiyay, Bowen ayaa shaki ka muujiyay jawaabta Shiinaha ee ku aaddan ku dhawaaqista Mareykanka, kaas oo digniin ka bixiyay in tartan hub oo cusub uu ka bilaaban karo hawada sare. Bowen wuxuu ku tilmaamay jawaabtaas mid aan la jaanqaadi karin ficillada dalalkaasi.

"Haddii aad khabiir ku tahay arrintan, waad ogtahay sida hadalladan ay u noqon karaan kuwo aan sal adag lahayn marka ay ka yimaadaan dowladaha Ruushka iyo Shiinaha," ayuu yiri.

Wuxuu intaas ku daray: "Mareykanka, Ruushka, Shiinaha iyo Hindiya dhammaantood waxay sameeyeen noocyo kala duwan oo hubka lidka dayax-gacmeedyada ah ama hubka hawada sare lagu isticmaalo. Ruushka iyo Shiinahana waxay hawada sare geeyeen teknoolojiyado badan oo leh awood milatari."

Dhab ahaantii, 10-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay, Ruushka iyo Shiinaha waxay sameeyeen hawlgallo badan oo hawada sare ah oo loo yaqaan "orbital proximity operations", kuwaas oo ku lug leh dayax-gacmeedyo u soo dhowaada dayax-gacmeedyada dalalka reer Galbeedka, mararka qaarna si aad ah ugu dhowaanaya.

Khubarada qaar ayaa dhaq-dhaqaaqyadan ku tilmaama carqaladayn dayax-gacmeed ama dabagal dhow ku sameeya dayax-gacmeedyada kale.

Dr Rod Thornton, oo bare ka ah daraasaadka difaaca iyo amniga Ruushka ee King's College London, ayaa BBC-da u sheegay:

"Aragti ahaan, dayax-gacmeedyadan waxay isu beddeli karaan dayax-gacmeedyo ugaarsada oo burburiya kuwa kale, iyadoo ay si toos ah ugu dhacaan dayax-gacmeedyo kale ama ay ka saaraan wareeggooda."

Bowen ayaa sidoo kale sheegay in Shiinuhu muujiyay awoodda loo yaqaan "space tug", oo ah tignoolajiyada dayax-gacmeedku ugu dhowaan karo dayax-gacmeed kale, qabsan karo, kadibna u wareejin karo wareeg kale.

Wuxuu sheegay in awooddan ay sidoo kale yeelan karto adeeg waxtar leh. Marka laga soo tago in lagu curyaamin karo dayax-gacmeedyada shaqaynaya, waxaa loo adeegsan karaa ururinta iyo ka saarista qashinka hawada sare.

Hase yeeshee, qaar ka mid ah hubka hawada sare ayaa sababi kara qashin aad u badan oo ku faafa hawada sare.

Dr Mark Hilborn, oo khabiir ku ah amniga hawada sare iyo hubaynta hawada sare kana tirsan King's College, ayaa sheegay in tijaabinta gantaallada lidka dayax-gacmeedyada ee dhulka laga soo diro, sida tijaabadii Shiinaha uu sameeyay 2007, ay abuuri karto qashin aad u badan oo muddo dheer ku sii jiri kara wareegga dhulka.

Zuss ayaa sheegtay in burburkii ka dhashay tijaabadaas uu weli ku jiro wareegga dhulka, isla markaana uu khatar sii yahay.

"Ma aha inuu noqdo bir weyn si uu waxyeello u geysto," ayay tiri. "Marka la eego xawaaraha ay walxuhu ku socdaan hawada sare, xitaa qayb yar oo caag ah ayaa sababi karta waxyeello."

Halista nukliyeerka

Thornton wuxuu sheegay in wixii Ruushka ka dhiman hubka iyo dayax-gacmeedyada hawada sare, uu ku kabayo awooddiisa gantaallada.

"Ruushku wuxuu haystaa gantaallo dhulka laga soo ridi karo oo gaari kara hawada sare, kuwaas oo lagu bartilmaameedsan karo dayax-gacmeedyada ku jira wareegga hoose ee dhulka. Waxa kale oo uu haystaa gantaallo lidka dayax-gacmeedyada ah oo diyaarado laga soo ridi karo, iyadoo diyaaradaha laga duulin karo meelaha sare," ayuu yiri.

Wuxuu intaas ku daray: "Marka laga eego dhinaca Ruushka, NATO waxay haysataa dayax-gacmeedyo aad uga badan oo tayo wanaagsan, kuwaas oo loo adeegsan karo arrimo milatari. Sidaas darteed, Ruushku wuxuu si weyn u maalgeliyay hubka lidka dayax-gacmeedyada, si uu wax uga beddelo farqiga awoodaha."

Thornton wuxuu sidoo kale ka digay xaalad kale oo khatar ah.

"Haddii ay noqoto tallaabada ugu dambaysa, Ruushku wuxuu hawada sare ku ridi karaa hub nukliyeer ah. Qaraxa nukliyeerka ayaa dhalin kara hir elektromagnetic ah oo curyaamin kara dayax-gacmeed kasta oo aan lahayn difaac ku filan, iyadoo saameyntu gaari karto dhul ballaaran," ayuu yiri.

Haddaba, intee le'eg ayay tahay suurtagalnimada in dagaal nukliyeer ahi ka dhaco hawada sare?

Sida laga sheegay, arrintani waxay u badan tahay inay dhacdo oo keliya haddii uu isla waqtigaas dhulka ka socdo dagaal.

"Waxa hawada sare ka dhici kara ma aha wax si gooni ah u dhacaya," ayuu yiri Bowen. "Ugu dambayn, waxba ma dhici karaan ama wax ayaa dhici kara."

Maadaama hubka hawada sare lagu isticmaalo uu muddo dheer jiray, maxaa Mareykanka ku kalifay inuu hadda ku dhawaaqo?

Khubaradu waxay isku raacsan yihiin in tani aysan ahayn horumar weyn oo dhinaca tiknoolajiyada ah, balse ay u badan tahay farriin siyaasadeed.

Bowen wuxuu sheegay in tallaabadan ay u badan tahay inay jawaab u tahay horumarka milatari ee Shiinaha.

"Shiinuhu wuxuu casriyeynayay ciidamadiisa milatari 30-kii sano ee la soo dhaafay," ayuu yiri.

"Wuxuu hawada sare geeyay dayax-gacmeedyo milatari oo aad u badan, taasina waxay ciidamada Mareykanka siisay bartilmaameedyo badan oo ay u arkaan inay mudan yihiin in la weeraro."

Wuxuu intaas ku daray: "Hadda waxaa jira dhiirrigelin dheeraad ah oo ku aaddan horumarinta hubka Mareykanka ee hawada sare, sababtoo ah Shiinuhu, sida Mareykanka oo kale, wuxuu si weyn ugu tiirsan yahay hawada sare, taasina waxay ka dhigaysaa mid nugul."

Xaaladdan ayaa u muuqata inay abuurtay isu-dheellitirnaan aan caadi ahayn.

Thornton wuxuu sheegay in haddii uu dagaal ka dhaco hawada sare, Ruushka uu yeelan karo faa'iido dhanka tirada dayax-gacmeedyada ah, maadaama uu haysto dayax-gacmeedyo aad uga yar kuwa Shiinaha iyo Mareykanka.

Wuxuu sheegay in dagaalka noocaas ahi uu ku lug yeelan karo "gantaallo hawada sare loo diro, dayax-gacmeedyo dhaqaaqi kara oo loogu talagalay inay leexiyaan ama burburiyaan dayax-gacmeedyo kale, iyo sidoo kale leysarro dhulka laga hago."