The demonstration, in the western city of Herat, was broken up after police are alleged to have opened fire.
Nearly five years on from Afghanistan's school ban, young women say they have waved goodbye to their dreams.
Khadija Ahmadzada was detained for being in "violation" of rules "regarding women's sports gyms", a Taliban spokesman said.
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) says each restriction "translates into delayed or denied medical care".
Roya Karimi is getting ready to compete in the world bodybuilding championships, 15 years after fleeing Afghanistan.
Since settling in North Yorkshire, Nahid Hamidi has set up a pop-up restaurant and helps other refugees.
It comes just over a week after a two-day total internet shutdown across the country ended.
For many women, the internet was their last resource. An internet shutdown threatens to end this.
The decree also outlaws the teaching of 18 subjects, including human rights and sexual harassment.
